![]() Seleucus of Seleucia is thought to have theorized around 150 BC that tides were caused by the Moon as part of his heliocentric model. The influence of the Moon on tides was mentioned in Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos as evidence of the reality of astrology. Eratosthenes (3rd century BC) and Posidonius (1st century BC) both produced detailed descriptions of the tides and their relationship to the phases of the Moon, Posidonius in particular making lengthy observations of the sea on the Spanish coast, although little of their work survived. Seneca mentions in De Providentia the periodic motion of the tides controlled by the lunar sphere. Classicists Thomas Little Heath claimed that both Pytheas and Posidonius connected the tides with the moon, "the former directly, the latter through the setting up of winds". Although the schedule of the tides and the link to lunar and solar movements was known, the exact mechanism that connected them was unclear. Ultimately the link between the Moon (and Sun) and the tides became known to the Greeks, although the exact date of discovery is unclear references to it are made in sources such as Pytheas of Massilia in 325 BC and Pliny the Elder's Natural History in 77 AD. An ancient Indian Purana text dated to 400-300 BC refers to the ocean rising and falling because of heat expansion from the light of the Moon. ![]() Crates of Mallus attributied the tides to "the counter-movement (ἀντισπασμός) of the sea” and Apollodorus of Corcyra to "the refluxes from the Ocean". Plato reportedly believed that the tides were caused by water flowing in and out of undersea caverns. A similar "breathing earth" idea was considered by some Asian thinkers. A number of theories were advanced, however, from comparing the movements to breathing or blood flow to theories involving whirlpools or river cycles. The tides received relatively little attention in the civilizations around the Mediterranean Sea, as the tides there are relatively small, and the areas that experience tides do so unreliably. The Yolngu people of northeastern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia identified a link between the Moon and the tides, which they mythically attributed to the Moon filling with water and emptying out again. The theory of tides is the application of continuum mechanics to interpret and predict the tidal deformations of planetary and satellite bodies and their atmospheres and oceans (especially Earth's oceans) under the gravitational loading of another astronomical body or bodies (especially the Moon and Sun). ( August 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill ( documentation) and Citation bot ( documentation). Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. NOAA’s tide and tidal current predictions take into account astronomical considerations due to the position of the moon and the sun.This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Neap tides occur during the first and third quarter moon, when the moon appears "half full." ![]() This produces moderate tides known as neap tides, meaning that high tides are a little lower and low tides are a little higher than average. When this happens, the bulge of the ocean caused by the sun partially cancels out the bulge of the ocean caused by the moon. Seven days after a spring tide, the sun and moon are at right angles to each other. ![]() Rather, the term is derived from the concept of the tide "springing forth." Spring tides occur twice each lunar month all year long, without regard to the season. These are called spring tides, a common historical term that has nothing to do with the season of spring. This means that high tides are a little higher and low tides are a little lower than average. In both cases, the gravitational pull of the sun is "added" to the gravitational pull of the moon on Earth, causing the oceans to bulge a bit more than usual. The moon appears full when the Earth is between the moon and the sun. The moon appears new (dark) when it is directly between the Earth and the sun. Tides are long-period waves that roll around the planet as the ocean is "pulled" back and forth by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun as these bodies interact with the Earth in their monthly and yearly orbits.ĭuring full or new moons-which occur when the Earth, sun, and moon are nearly in alignment-average tidal ranges are slightly larger.
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